This guide walks you through which vaccines older Australians should consider, which ones are free under the National Immunisation Program (NIP), which are recommended, and what to ask your doctor.

Why vaccinations matter even in later life

• Higher risk of severe illness: As we grow older, our immune systems weaken (immunosenescence). That means infections we might shrug off when younger can become serious or life-threatening.
• Complications are more common: Pneumonia, hospitalisation, heart complications and longer recovery are more likely in older adults.
• Protection for the community: By keeping your vaccinations current, you help reduce disease spread – protecting people who can’t be vaccinated (infants, immunocompromised).
• Boosting quality of life: Preventing disease means fewer disruptions, less hospital time and more confidence in staying active and independent.

Key vaccines for older Australians

The National Immunisation Program (NIP) funds certain vaccines for older adults, and additional vaccines may be recommended or available privately. Free eligibility generally requires a Medicare card or eligibility for one.

Below is a breakdown of the main vaccines to consider:

Influenza (flu) — annually

• For all Australians aged 65 and over, the flu vaccine is free under the NIP.
• The flu virus changes each year. Getting vaccinated yearly ensures your immunity matches the current strains.
• Some older adults may be offered an enhanced/adjuvanted flu vaccine, which gives stronger immunity.
• You can usually get it at your GP, participating pharmacies or community health clinics.

COVID-19

• COVID-19 vaccination is strongly recommended for older adults, as they are at higher risk of severe disease, hospitalization and death.
• Booster doses may be available depending on age, health conditions, and timing of last dose.
• Vaccination is often available at general practices, pharmacies and public clinics.

Shingles (Herpes zoster)

• Shingles is caused by the reactivation of the chickenpox virus. It’s painful and can have long-term nerve pain.
• Under the NIP, a 2-dose course (Shingrix) is free for eligible cohorts, including people 65 years and over.
• Also free for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults aged 50 and over, and for some adults aged 18+ with certain immunocompromising conditions.
• If you previously received Zostavax under the NIP, you must wait at least 5 years before getting Shingrix for free.
• The two doses are typically given 2 to 6 months apart in those with healthy immune systems.

Pneumococcal (pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease)

• Pneumococcal disease can cause pneumonia, bloodstream infections and meningitis – all more dangerous in older adults.
• Under the NIP, a pneumococcal vaccine is free for adults aged 70 years and over, and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults aged 50 years and over.
• Choice of vaccine type, timing and intervals depends on your age, health condition and prior immunisations.
• Some newer pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (e.g. Prevenar 20 or extended valency ones) are under review and not yet universally funded.

Other vaccines you may need (talk with your GP)

These are not always covered under the NIP for older Australians, but they may be recommended or purchased privately depending on your history or health:

• Tetanus / diphtheria / pertussis (whooping cough): a booster every 10 years is often advised, especially if you haven’t had one in a long time or are caring for young children.
• Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR): if your previous immunisation is incomplete, especially for those born before routine vaccination programmes.
• Varicella (chickenpox): if you never had chickenpox or vaccination, your doctor may recommend it.
• Hepatitis B: especially for those with risk factors or previous non-immunised status.

What you should do next

Talk with your GP or immunisation provider

They’ll check your vaccine history and advise which vaccinations you still need.

Check eligibility for free vaccines

If you qualify under NIP (by age, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander status, or medical risk), some vaccines may be free.

Book your vaccines

Many GPs, pharmacies, community health centres and public clinics provide them.

Record all vaccinations

Make sure your health professional records them. You can access your immunisation history via your Medicare account.

Stay up to date

Some vaccines (like flu or boosters) require regular renewal.

By consulting your GP, checking your immunisation record, and staying proactive, you can protect yourself against serious illness and maintain your health, independence and peace of mind.